The Digital Trade Measurement Handbook (Second Edition) provides a framework and practical guidance on how to measure digital trade. It aims to address the challenges inherent in measuring digital trade and establish consistent practices that allow data to be compared across countries.
Due diligence identifies, prevents or mitigates risks and accounts for how to address adverse impacts.
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Responsible business conduct helps companies avoid and address adverse labor, human rights, environmental, bribery, consumer and corporate governance impacts that may be associated with operations, supply chains or other business relationships.
Promote a common understanding among governments and stakeholders for responsible business conduct.
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This Guidance was adopted on May 31, 2018 during the annual OECD Ministerial Meeting at Council level.
The Colombian territory presents favorable geological conditions for the existence of gold deposits, including world-class gold deposits. The existence of gold is associated to different environments and geological ages, covering from the Precambrian to the Quaternary period. These conditions have allowed for the identification of different types of auriferous deposits (porphyries, epithermal, alluviums and intrusionrelated gold).
​This Guide aims to address these concerns and inspire Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) to engage in due diligence by creating achievable and manageable due diligence goals.
The legal gold supply chain in Colombia follows multiple routes but includes the same key steps. Among the actors involved in the gold supply chain are producers, mining companies engaged in large, medium, and small-scale operations, subsistence and artisanal miners, local and national gold traders and exporters, and gold refineries. The steps and requirements to mine gold can vary depending on the size of the operation, inasmuch as different categories of mining face different regulatory requirements under Colombian law. However, mining rights and authorization granted by the State are required for activities like extraction and commercialization, serving as a primary tool for introducing transparency into gold supply chains.
The sourcing and trade of many agricultural commodities involves a complex network of business relationships, including producers, farmers, traders, suppliers and other actors that are part of global agrifood supply chains. As global demand for food grows, challenges can arise which may result in adverse impacts related to agricultural expansion, including into forests and other natural ecosystems. As a result, business decisions made by companies sourcing, processing and selling agricultural commodities and products can cause, contribute to or be directly linked to deforestation or forest degradation.
Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
The Guidance targets all enterprises operating along agricultural supply chains, including domestic and foreign, private and public, small, medium and large-scale enterprises. It covers agricultural upstream and downstream sectors from input supply to production, post-harvest handling, processing, transportation, marketing, distribution and retailing. Several areas of risk arising along agricultural supply chains are addressed: human right, labour rights, health and safety, food security and nutrition, tenure rights over and access to natural resources, animal welfare, environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources, governance, and technology and innovation.